sejarah toefl

Test of Home as a Foreign Language is abbreviated TOEFL English proficiency exam required to apply for entry to university in the United States or other countries in the world. Toefl test started with a project that digunakana Ferguson to measure the language ability of government employees and students, and since the 1960's, the TOEFL exam is organized by the office of ETS (Educational Testing Service) in the United States an international organization-testing standards for all participants in the test around the world.
The TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and given worldwide. This test was first given in 1964 and has since been taken by more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics at Stanford University under the direction of applied linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson. TOEFL Committee of Examiners consists of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing, teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on the contents of the TOEFL test. This committee helps ensure the test is a valid measure of English language proficiency.
Toefl test consists of tests in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Formerly only test toefl paper-based test and computer test, but since 2005 has been a lot of internet-based test to replace the two previous tests. When applied to the overall TOEFL test approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and about 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. Time for Computer-Based TOEFL is relatively long because it includes tutorials procedure.
BACKGROUND TOEFL
Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to carry out CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet networks), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). In September 2006 the CBT is stopped and the score is no longer valid.
Test iBT can be taken by any method:
1. Reading
The Reading section consists of 3-5 sections, each about 700 words long and questions about the parts. each containing 12-14 minutes of questions 60-100. Reading Comprehension section has 50 questions about reading passages.
2. Listen
Listening Section consists of six sections 3-5 minutes long and questions about the parts. each containing 60-90 minutes of questions 5-6. Listening Section consists of 3 parts. The first contained 30 questions about the brief conversation. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The final section asked 12 questions about lectures or talks.

3. Speak
Speaking section consists of 6 tasks and 6 questions 20 minutes.
4. Write
Writing section measures the ability of the test taker 2 tasks and 2 questions 55 minutes. Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises complete the sentences correctly and 25 exercises misidentification. Writing section is one of the essay with 250-300 words in average.
* Version of the TOEFL iBT assessed on a scale of 0-120 points.
* Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a score on a scale from 0 to 30. Scale value of four parts added together to determine the total score.
* Any questions talk was originally given a score of 0 to 4, and every question writing was initially given a score of 0 to 5. This score is converted to a scale value from 0 to 30.
Lately organizers also held a kind of TOEFL test TWE (Test of Written Home), which results in value is separate from the TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and translate an idea or ideas, and supporting the idea with the examples found in daily life using the English language standard.
Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken Home Program) which is similar to the individual interviews on the IELTS test. They are usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries.) Form tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration together with other TOEFL tests, and costs approximately U.S. $ 100.

komentar:
Test of English as a Foreign Language disingkat TOEFL adalah ujian kemampuan berbahasa Inggris yang diperlukan untuk mendaftar masuk ke universitas di Amerika Serikat atau negara-negara lain di dunia. Sejak tahun 1998, tes TOEFL ini diadakan secara online dengan menggunakan komputer (Computer-based Testing/CBT), dan sejak tahun 2005 disebut iBT (Internet-based Test). Di tempat-tempat yang belum bisa melaksanakan CBT atau iBT (karena belum ada fasilitas komputer dan jaringan internetnya), ujian TOEFL ini masih tetap diadakan secara manual menggunakan kertas dan potlot (paper-based test atau PBT). Pada bulan September 2006 CBT ini dihentikan dan skor tersebut tidak lagi berlaku.
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